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Cake day: August 11th, 2023

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  • Out of interest I did some estimates and it seems that an asymmetry of three billionth of the total thermal radiation would be enough to rotate the probe once over a timescale of 10 years. So if the radioisotope generator has even just a tiny bit of a different infrared brightness on one side, it would turn voyager in a few years.

    notes on calculation

    Voyager weight: 815 kg
    Approximate Diameter: 1 m
    Assume mass and thermal radiation emitted with a center distance of this diameter. Then we can calculate as it would need to move 2π 2 m. It should be enough as coarse estimate and underestimate the acceleration. Distance to move: d = 6.3 m

    Assume constant acceleration due to thermal radiation
    RTG power at start: 3 * 2.4 kW = 7.2kW
    RTG power now: 7.2kW * 10^(48/88) = 4.9 kW
    Total of thermal radiation: 4.9kW / c = 16 uN
    distance moved: d = a t^2 / 2
    assuming 10 years accelerated movement movement:
    a = 63 mm/yr^2
    F = 52 fN
    3 * 10^-9 of thermal force



  • The thing is, now we have one 1-2 3.7 meter sized antenna on the voyager probes and a 100 meter sized antenna on earth with high transmission power. Signal decays with distance squared. To get the same signal power to the voyager probe assuming an relay in the middle, it would need an 25 meter antenna with the large transmitter/receiver currently on earth on space.

    In short it’s easier to build a 4 times better transmission system on earth than in an relay in space.

    One point where relays are used are mars rovers. There the orbiter has an large antenna and is close to the rover, so you don’t need to land the large antenna at the surface.

    Edit: fixed antenna diameter