

The problem really boils down to a combination of NIMBYism and even more importantly lobbying. Telecom lobbied the German government to allow them to not upgrade to copper cables and upgrade those with better backend infrastructure as well. However that is always going to be worse then proper fiber.
For mobile in most countries the government issues licenses with built in fines, if certain coverage quality is not reached. Germany did not do this and the conservative government even repeated that mistake with 5G. The issue is that there are only three network providers and obviously upgrades cost money, which means less profits.
For the three EU citizens this is most likely illegal and they most likely will win in court. For the American Cooper Longbottom the situation is worse though.
That all would change if they get convicted though. The Berlin Senate claims they entered the university breaking open doors and threatening workers with axes. If they can prove that in court, then all of them could be kicked out of Germany. Well after being at least six months in prison that is.